There are over 117 000 of new TB cases annually registered in Russia. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), Russia in 2006 ranked 11th in TB incidence out of the world’s 22 high-burden countries. In twenty-six regions of the Russian Federation, TB incidence exceeded 100 cases per 100,000 persons, which is two times higher than the average European level. Epidemiological situation on TB in Russia is analysed and priority TB policy issues to fight TB in the Russian Federation are studied in this fact-sheet.