Policy Brief "Federal Law "On Prevention of Spreading in the Russian Federation of Disease Caused by Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV infection)": Background, Content, and Perspectives " provides an overview and analysis of the Russian federal HIV/AIDS legislation. The Policy Brief includes the background of the Federal Law development and its connection with international legislation, as well as identifies challenges in the enforcement of the Federal Law. The publication contains recommendations on the strengthening of Russian HIV/AIDS legislation that should be considered by policy-makers in the course of policy formulation.